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The neutral states, Austria and Switzerland, are strengthening their cooperation with non-neutral states. Space capabilities, air defense, joint exercises, training, and pan-European defense cooperation were the main focus when the defense ministers of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Luxembourg met in Berlin on Monday.

German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius (SPD) emphasized the growing importance of space for security and deterrence during a press conference in the Stauffenberg Hall at his ministry’s Berlin office. He noted that the war in Ukraine had demonstrated just how crucial modern satellite and drone technologies have become. Germany therefore plans to invest approximately 35 billion euros in space capabilities by 2030.

This involves not only national projects but also European cooperation. Plans include new satellite constellations, independent European launch capabilities, and joint projects in reconnaissance, air defense, and space surveillance. “We Germans are working closely with you from Austria, Switzerland, and Luxembourg in space,” said Pistorius.

Austria’s Defense Minister Klaudia Tanner (ÖVP) also referred to the changed security situation in Europe: “The nature of warfare has changed. Despite its neutrality, Austria must become more capable of defending itself and increase its defense readiness.”

"To be prepared, we need a modern army, especially with regard to air defense. More than ever, we need satellite reconnaissance." Starting in July of this year, joint satellite use will begin with Luxembourg. In Austria, a shift in thinking has taken place: across party lines, there is now a stronger focus on predictability and the modernization of the Austrian Armed Forces.

Particular emphasis is being placed on air defense and participation in the "European Sky Shield Initiative". Austria intends to play a more active role in the space sector.

Swiss Defense Minister Martin Pfister (Die Mitte, formerly CVP) also emphasized Switzerland's willingness to take on more responsibility for European security. Switzerland is working on amendments to its military equipment law to facilitate cooperation with European partners and ease restrictions. At the same time, the modernization of the Swiss Army—and air defense in particular—is being advanced.

Luxembourg’s Minister of Defense, Yuriko Backes (DP), highlighted the importance of Luxembourg’s satellite capabilities. She noted that the country possesses special expertise in satellite communications and Earth observation and intends to contribute these capabilities more actively to European cooperation.

When asked how far flexibility in the application of neutrality should go, Tanner said: “Austria remains committed to its military neutrality and at the same time views an active role in European security and defense policy as compatible with constitutional requirements.”

Austrian neutrality is subject to clear constitutional limits. Flexibility in its interpretation can only extend as far as the Constitution permits. At the same time, Austria has demonstrated in the past that neutrality and international responsibility are not mutually exclusive. The country participates in international missions—such as those in the Western Balkans or Lebanon—both in terms of personnel and in terms of the nature of its contributions.

In discussions with non-neutral countries, such as NATO members Germany and Luxembourg, the respective constitutional frameworks are mutually respected. The goal is not to call neutrality into question, but to deepen cooperation, said Tanner.

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